My colleague Sam Millette, manager, fixed income on Commonwealth’s Investment Management and Research team, has helped me put together this month’s Economic Risk Factor Update. Thanks for the assist, Sam!

As we negotiate the recession or no recession debate, one of the key data points is what’s called a yield curve inversion, which is a greatly intimidating technical term for something that is really pretty simple: the interest rate on a long-term bond minus the interest rate on a short-term bond. But economists can’t really be intimidating if we just say that!

Yesterday, I spent a lot of time talking about how the jobs report was likely to meet expectations, but the underlying assumption was that the risks were to the downside. I talked about how, if job growth fell short, it was likely due to a lack of workers rather than a lack of jobs. I did mention the report could surprise to the upside, but didn’t give it a lot of attention. So when I looked at the actual data this morning, I can summarize my reaction with one word: Wow!

With all the concerns around a recession, one of the key data points that says the economy is still growing has been the jobs numbers. With companies adding hundreds of thousands of jobs per month, with quit rates still very high, with millions more jobs available than we have ever seen before, the jobs market still looks like boom times—not a recession. The question, of course, is how long can that good news continue? This Friday’s jobs report will give us the most current answer.

July was a surprisingly good month for financial markets, with the greatest monthly gains since 2020. The S&P 500 was up 9.22 percent during the month, the Dow Jones Industrial Average was up 6.82 percent, and the Nasdaq Composite was up 12.39 percent. While all three indices are still down for the year, last month reversed a significant share of the losses. Internationally, developed markets rebounded, although emerging markets didn’t do as well as expected.

After a terrible start to 2022, markets rebounded in July. U.S. and developed international markets were up by 5 percent or more, with only emerging markets trailing. The primary driver here was the Fed. It has raised interest rates close to a neutral level, and markets are anticipating the worst of the tightening cycle has passed. But with the U.S. economy contracting for the second quarter in a row, can the rebound continue? Stay tuned to my latest Market Thoughts video to find out.

The first estimate of national economic growth, the gross domestic product (GDP), came in this morning at an annualized, quarter-on-quarter growth rate of –0.9 percent. This is better than last quarter’s number of –1.6 percent, but it is still the second quarter in a row of decline. By some definitions, this means we are now in a recession, and you can expect to see that all over the headlines in the next several days.

According to FactSet’s data, the earnings data so far is somewhat disappointing. As of the end of last week, with 21 percent of S&P 500 companies reporting, fewer companies were beating expectations for both revenues and earnings than has been normal. Earnings growth for the quarter is expected to be the lowest since the end of 2020, when the pandemic was really getting going and before the federal stimulus programs hit. Taking those headlines, things look pretty bad.

So, what will the Fed do at today's meeting? Almost everyone thinks it will raise rates by 75 bps, or three-quarters of a percent. Almost, in this case, means that a minority of people think the Fed will raise rates by more, like a full percentage point. But the takeaway is that everyone does expect rates to go up—and by an amount that, prior to the past couple of months, would have been shockingly large.

One of the headlines I have been asked about recently is the strong dollar. People are concerned about what it means, how it could hurt the U.S. economy, and, of course, how it will affect their investments. Good questions all.